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Medical Studies/Articles

The following list includes a variety of medical studies and articles of special interest to those researching or studying about vaginismus.

Biswas, A., & Ratnam, S. (1995). Vaginismus and outcome of treatment. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 24(5), 755-758. This article discusses the rapid desensitization method of vaginismus treatment.
Butcher, J. (1999). ABC of sexual health: Female sexual problems II: Sexual pain and sexual fears. BMJ, 318, 110-112. Outlines cognitive and behavioral treatment for vaginismus.
de Marquiegui, A., & Huish, M. (1999). ABC of sexual health: A woman's sexual life after an operation. BMJ, 318, 178-181.
Heiman, J. (2002). Sexual dysfunction: Overview of prevalence, etiological factors, and treatments. J Sex Res, 39(1), 73-78.
K.K. (2001, August). I couldn't have sex - at all. Glamour, 100.
Lankveld, J., Everaerd, W., & Grotjohann, Y. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral bibliotherapy for sexual dysfunctions in heterosexual couples: A randomized waiting-list controlled clinical trial in the Netherlands. J Sex Res, 38(1), 51-67. Study indicated that the 'minimal therapist support' approach for the vaginismus condition resulted in lower complaints of vaginismus posttreatment.
Lewis, R., Fugl-Meyer, K., Bosch, R., Fugl-Meyer, A., Laumann, E., Lizza, E., & Marin-Morales, A. (2004). Epidemiology/risk factors of sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med, 1(1), 35-39.
Nasab, M., & Farnoosh, Z. (2003). Management of vaginismus with cognitive-behavioral therapy, self-finger approach: A study of 70 cases. IJMS, 28(2), 69-71.
Phillips, N. (2000). Female sexual dysfunction: Evaluation and treatment. Am Fam Physician, 62, 127-36, 141-42. Well-written article outlining the differential diagnosis of vaginismus and other sexual dysfunctions.
Reissing, E., Binik, Y., & Khalife, S. (1999). Does vaginismus exist? A critical review of the literature. J Nerv Ment Dis, 187(5), 261-74 Authors conclude after an examination of the literature that contrary to popular opinion, vaginismus is not easily diagnosed.
Reissing, E., Binik, Y., Khalife, S., Cohen, D., & Amsel, R. (2004). Vaginal spasm, pain and behavior: An empirical investigation of the diagnosis of vaginismus. Arch Sex Behav, 33(1), 5-17.
Reissing, E., Binik, Y., Khalife, S., Cohen, D., & Amsel, R. (2003). Etiological correlates of vaginismus: Sexual and physical abuse, sexual knowledge, sexual self-schema, and relationship adjustment. J Sex Marital Ther, 29(1), 47-59. Discusses the importance of how the vaginismus diagnosis needs to include pain and avoidance of pain as part of the patient history.
Schnyder, U., Schnyder-Luthi, C., Ballinari, P., & Blaser, A. (1998). Therapy for vaginismus: In vivo versus in vitro desensitization. Can J Psychiatry, 43(9), 941-44. Authors found that desensitization exercises with dilators was an effective method for treating vaginismus and that self-insertion versus therapist-insertion of dilators was equally successful.
Scholl, G. (1988). Prognostic variables in treating vaginismus. Obstet Gynecol, 72, 231-35.
Walton, B., & Thorton, T. (2003). Female sexual dysfunction. Current Women's Health Reports, 3, 319-326.
Watson, J., & Davies, T. (1997). ABC of mental health: Psychosexual problems. BMJ, 315, 239-42. Information includes emotional components of vaginismus
When sex hurts. (1992, February). Glamour, 36. Magazine article with brief interview with Linda Valins

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